Hello Dominick, please make sure you are carefully following the (required by Adobe) that are given above in the article, near the top of this page Otherwise, the PSE direct links will not work and you’ll get that message instead. Then, if you still have any problem, try with a different web browser or another computer, all the while still following those essential directions. Also, make sure you’re not blocking or filtering anything with your browser(s) – like cookies, downloads, or any sites or URLs – or running blocking utilities like Ghostery, AdBlock, or Disconnect. Adobe recommends temporarily turning those things off.
To complete the installation, you must have Administrator privileges on your computer, plus your antivirus software must allow you to install programs. Greetings Amanda, on Windows you’ll need to download both File 1 and File 2 for each application So for both Photoshop Elements and Premiere Elements, that’s a total of 4 files you should have in the same folder/directory. Also on Windows, note that File 1 should have a.exe extension, and File 2 should have a.7z extension. If you don’t have that, then it’s possible your web browser dropped an extension while downloading and you’d need to to add back the extension(s). (If you don’t see any extensions on your filenames at all, for how to turn them on.) Hope that helps! WHAT DISGUSTING SOFTWARE. There is no ‘log in’ available and if you click on ‘free Adobe account’ I get ‘Infection blocked’.
And as I click on the recommended blue items, I get advertising for ‘Flash Player/Free download’, ‘Windows 7 PC Repair’, Click and I get Prodesigntools.com, with a notice that the page cannot be displayed and further down, ‘Free Malware scanner’. All I want is a copy of Adobe 12 elements that I have paid for!! If you can’t supply a direct download, please advise if you can send a DVD copy? If not please refund my payment so I can get a copy from an alternative source.
Regards Vic Oliver. Yep, unfortunately you have been totally scammed You were sold a bogus pirated non-working serial number by some random entity. You didn’t get that from Adobe nor us (we don’t sell anything here actually). This is why we say to never buy from anyplace that Without a doubt, the safest and easiest place to get your software is always.
So this has nothing to do with us, but we’d advise trying to get back in contact with whoever sent you that email message and seeing if you can get your money back (probably not). Also definitely, absolutely get the best antivirus & antimalware program that money can buy and please scan your system very thoroughly, because it certainly sounds like it has been compromised. I purchased a downloadable Photoshop Elements 12 Premiere and having trouble installing. I have followed all the steps but still no luck, I download both into the same folder, no problem. The two files are as follows: PremiereElements12LS26win64 1.17 GB and PremiereElements12LS26win64 1.46 MB When I double click on one of them it asks to open with? If I click on anything I get a message Incorrect command or some such. Is anyone able to help this poor old lady who is feeling like a complete fool?
If so, many thanks.
English (United States), English (United Kingdom), Arabic, Chinese Simplified, Chinese Traditional, Czech, Danish, Dutch, Finnish, French, German, Hebrew, Hungarian, Italian, Japanese, Korean, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Romanian, Turkish and Ukrainian, Website Adobe Photoshop is a developed and published by for and. Photoshop was created in 1988 by and.
Since then, it has become the industry standard in editing, such that the word 'photoshop' has become a verb as in 'to Photoshop an image,' ' and ', though Adobe discourages such use. It can edit and compose raster images in multiple layers and supports, and several including, and. Photoshop has vast support for but also uses its own PSD and PSB file formats which support all the aforementioned features. In addition to raster graphics, it has limited abilities to edit or render text, (especially through ), and. Photoshop's feature set can be expanded by, programs developed and distributed independently of Photoshop that can run inside it and offer new or enhanced features. Photoshop's naming scheme was initially based on.
However, in October 2002, following the introduction of branding, each new version of Photoshop was designated with 'CS' plus a number; e.g., the eighth major version of Photoshop was Photoshop CS and the ninth major version was Photoshop CS2. Photoshop CS3 through CS6 were also distributed in two different editions: Standard and Extended. In June 2013, with the introduction of branding, Photoshop's licensing scheme was changed to that of rental model and the 'CS' suffixes were replaced with 'CC'. Historically, Photoshop was bundled with additional software such as, and Adobe Camera RAW.
Alongside Photoshop, Adobe also develops and publishes, and. Collectively, they are branded as 'The Adobe Photoshop Family'. It is currently a licensed software. Contents. Early history Photoshop was developed in 1987 by the American brothers Thomas and John Knoll, who sold the distribution license to Adobe Systems Incorporated in 1988., a PhD student at the, began writing a program on his to display images on a monochrome display.
This program, called Display, caught the attention of his brother, an employee, who recommended that Thomas turn it into a full-fledged image editing program. Thomas took a six-month break from his studies in 1988 to collaborate with his brother on the program. Thomas renamed the program ImagePro, but the name was already taken. Later that year, Thomas renamed his program Photoshop and worked out a short-term deal with scanner manufacturer Barneyscan to distribute copies of the program with a; a 'total of about 200 copies of Photoshop were shipped' this way.
During this time, John traveled to and gave a demonstration of the program to engineers at and Russell Brown, art director. Both showings were successful, and Adobe decided to purchase the license to distribute in September 1988. While John worked on in California, Thomas remained in writing code. Photoshop 1.0 was released on 19 February 1990 for Macintosh exclusively. The Barneyscan version included advanced color editing features that were stripped from the first Adobe shipped version. The handling of color slowly improved with each release from Adobe and Photoshop quickly became the industry standard in digital color editing.
At the time Photoshop 1.0 was released, digital retouching on dedicated high end systems, such as the, cost around $300 an hour for basic photo retouching. File format Photoshop document.psd image/vnd.adobe.photoshop 8BPS?
No Website Photoshop files have default file extension as.PSD, which stands for 'Photoshop Document.' A PSD file stores an image with support for most imaging options available in Photoshop. These include layers with, transparency, text, and, and settings. This is in contrast to many other file formats (e.g.,.JPG or.GIF) that restrict content to provide streamlined, predictable functionality. A PSD file has a maximum height and width of 30,000 pixels, and a length limit of 2 Gigabytes. Photoshop files sometimes have the file extension.PSB, which stands for 'Photoshop Big' (also known as 'large document format'). A PSB file extends the PSD file format, increasing the maximum height and width to 300,000 pixels and the length limit to around 4.
The dimension limit was apparently chosen arbitrarily by Adobe, not based on computer arithmetic constraints (it is not close to a power of two, as is 30,000) but for ease of software testing. PSD and PSB formats are documented. Because of Photoshop's popularity, PSD files are widely used and supported to some extent by most competing software. The.PSD file format can be exported to and from Adobe's other apps like, and.
Main article: Photoshop functionality can be extended by add-on programs called (or plug-ins). Adobe creates some plugins, such as Adobe Camera Raw, but third-party companies develop most plugins, according to Adobe's specifications. Some are free and some are commercial software. Most plugins work with only Photoshop or Photoshop-compatible hosts, but a few can also be run as standalone applications. There are various types of plugins, such as filter, export, import, selection, color correction, and automation.
The most popular plugins are the filter plugins (also known as a plugins), available under the Filter menu in Photoshop. Filter plugins can either modify the current image or create content. Below are some popular types of plugins, and some well-known companies associated with them:.
Color correction plugins (Alien Skin Software, Nik Software, OnOne Software, Topaz Labs Software, The Plugin Site, etc.). Special effects plugins (Alien Skin Software, Auto FX Software, AV Bros., Flaming Pear Software, etc.). 3D effects plugins (Andromeda Software, Strata, etc.) Adobe Camera Raw (also known as ACR and Camera Raw) is a special plugin, supplied free by Adobe, used primarily to read and process so that the resultant images can be processed by Photoshop. It can also be used from within. Photoshop tools. This section may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's.
The may contain suggestions. (July 2012) Upon loading Photoshop, a sidebar with a variety of tools with multiple image-editing functions appears to the left of the screen. These tools typically fall under the categories of drawing; painting; measuring and navigation; selection; typing; and retouching. Some tools contain a small triangle in the bottom right of the toolbox icon. These can be expanded to reveal similar tools. While newer versions of Photoshop are updated to include new tools and features, several recurring tools that exist in most versions are discussed below.
Pen tool Photoshop includes a few versions of the pen tool. The pen tool creates precise paths that can be manipulated using anchor points. The free form pen tool allows the user to draw paths freehand, and with the magnetic pen tool, the drawn path attaches closely to outlines of objects in an image, which is useful for isolating them from a background.
Clone Stamp Tool The Clone Stamp tool duplicates one part of an image to another part of the same image by way of a brush. The duplication is either in full or in part depending on the mode. You can also clone part of one layer to another layer. The Clone Stamp tool is useful for duplicating objects or removing a defect in an image. Shape tools Photoshop provides an array of shape tools including rectangles, rounded rectangles, ellipses, polygons and lines. These shapes can be manipulated by the pen tool, direct selection tool etc.
To make vector graphics. Measuring and navigation The eyedropper tool selects a color from an area of the image that is clicked, and samples it for future use. The hand tool navigates an image by moving it in any direction, and the zoom tool enlarges the part of an image that is clicked on, allowing for a closer view. Selection tools Selection tools are used to select all or any part of a picture to perform cut, copy, edit, or retouching operations. Cropping The crop tool can be used to select a particular area of an image and discard the portions outside the chosen section. This tool assists in creating a focus point on an image and unnecessary or excess space.
Cropping allows enhancement of a photo’s composition while decreasing the file size. The 'crop' tool is in the tools palette, which is located on the right side of the document. By placing the cursor over the image, the user can drag the cursor to the desired area. Once the Enter key is pressed, the area outside the rectangle will be cropped. The area outside the rectangle is the discarded data, which allows for the file size to be decreased.
The 'crop' tool can alternatively be used to extend the canvas size by clicking and dragging outside the existing image borders. Slicing The 'slice' and slice select tools, like the crop tool, are used in isolating parts of images. The slice tool can be used to divide an image into different sections, and these separate parts can be used as pieces of a once HTML and CSS are applied. The slice select tool allows sliced sections of an image to be adjusted and shifted. Moving The move tool can be used to drag the entirety of a single layer or more if they are selected.
Alternatively, once an area of an image is highlighted, the move tool can be used to manually relocate the selected piece to anywhere on the canvas. Marquee The marquee is a tool that can make selections that are single row, single column, rectangular and elliptical. An area that has been selected can be edited without affecting the rest of the image. This tool can also crop an image; it allows for better control.
In contrast to the crop tool, the 'marquee' tool allows for more adjustments to the selected area before cropping. The only marquee tool that does not allow cropping is the elliptical. Although the single row and column marquee tools allow for cropping, they are not ideal, because they only crop a line.
The rectangular marquee tool is the preferred option. Once the tool has been selected, dragging the tool across the desired area will select it. The selected area will be outlined by dotted lines, referred to as 'marching ants'.
These dotted lines are called 'marching ants', because the dashes look like ants marching around the selected area. To set a specific size or ratio, the tool option bar provides these settings. Before selecting an area, the desired size or ratio must be set by adjusting the width and height. Any changes such as color, filters, location, etc.
Should be made before cropping. To crop the selection, the user must go to image tab and select crop. Lasso The lasso tool is similar to the 'marquee' tool, however, the user can make a custom selection by drawing it freehand. There are three options for the 'lasso' tool – regular, polygonal, and magnetic. The regular 'lasso' tool allows the user to have drawing capabilities.
Photoshop will complete the selection once the mouse button is released. The user may also complete the selection by connecting the end point to the starting point. The 'marching ants' will indicate if a selection has been made. The 'polygonal lasso' tool will draw only straight lines, which makes it an ideal choice for images with many straight lines. Unlike the regular 'lasso' tool, the user must continually click around the image to outline the shape. To complete the selection, the user must connect the end point to the starting point just like the regular lasso tool.
'Magnetic lasso' tool is considered the smart tool. It can do the same as the other two, but it can also detect the edges of an image once the user selects a starting point. It detects by examining the color pixels as the cursor move over the desired area. A pixel is the smallest element in an image. Closing the selection is the same as the other two, which should also should display the 'marching ants' once the selection has been closed. The quick selection tool selects areas based on edges, similarly to the magnetic lasso tool.
The difference between this tool and the lasso tool is that there is no starting and ending point. Since there isn’t a starting and ending point, the selected area can be added onto as much as possible without starting over. By dragging the cursor over the desired area, the quick selection tool detects the edges of the image. The 'marching ants' allow the user to know what is currently being selected.
Once the user is done, the selected area can be edited without affecting the rest of the image. One of the features that makes this tool especially user friendly is that the SHIFT key is not needed to add more to the selection; by default, extra mouse clicks will be added to the selection rather than creating a new selection. Magic wand The magic wand tool selects areas based on pixels of similar values. One click will select all neighboring pixels of similar value within a tolerance level set by the user. If the eyedropper tool is selected in the options bar, then the magic wand can determine the value needed to evaluate the pixels; this is based on the sample size setting in the eyedropper tool. This tool is inferior to the quick selection tool which works much the same but with much better results and more intuitive controls. The user must decide what settings to use or if the image is right for this tool.
Eraser The Eraser tool erases content based on the active layer. If the user is on the text layer, then any text across which the tool is dragged will be erased. The eraser will convert the pixels to transparent, unless the background layer is selected. The size and style of the eraser can be selected in the options bar. This tool is unique in that it can take the form of the paintbrush and pencil tools. In addition to the straight eraser tool, there are two more available options – background eraser and magic eraser. The background eraser deletes any part of the image that is on the edge of an object.
This tool is often used to extract objects from the background. The magic eraser tool deletes based on similar colored pixels. It is very similar to the magic wand tool. This tool is ideal for deleting areas with the same color or tone that contrasts with the rest of the image.
Video editing In Adobe CS5 Extended edition, video editing is comprehensive and efficient with a broad compatibility of video file formats such as MOV, AVIand MPEG-4 formats and easy workflow. Using simple combination of keys video layers can easily be modified, with other features such as adding text and the creation of animations using single images. 3D extrusion With the Extended version of Photoshop CS5, 2D elements of an artwork can easily become three-dimensional with the click of a button. Extrusions of texts, an available library of materials for three-dimensional, and even wrapping two-dimensional images around 3D geometry. Mobile integration plugins have also been added to the most recent version of Photoshop where technologies such as the have integrated the software with different types of applications.
Applications like the Adobe Eazel painting app allows the user to easily create paintings with their fingertips and use an array of different paint from dry to wet in order to create rich color blending. Camera Raw With the Camera Raw plug-in, images can be processed without the use of, along with other image file formats such as JPEGs, TIFFs, or PNGs. The plug-in allows users to remove noise without the side-effect of over-sharpening, add grain, and even perform post-crop vignetting. 3D printing tools Requiring Photoshop version 14.1 or later, users can create and edit designs for. After downloading 3D photo models from numerous online services, users can add color, adjust the shape or rotate the angles. Artists can also design 3D models from scratch.
Color replacement tool The Color Replacement Tool allows you to change the color, while maintaining the highlights and shadows of the original image, of pieces of the image. By selecting Brushs and right clicking, the Color Replacement Tool is the third option down. What is important to note with this tool is the foreground color. The foreground color is what will be applied when painting along the chosen part of the image with the Color Replacement tool.
Cultural impact. This section needs expansion. You can help. (February 2013) Photoshop's naming scheme was initially based on version numbers.
Adobe published thirteen versions (major and minor changes) before the October 2003 introduction of branding. In February 2013 Adobe donated the of the 1990 1.0.1 version of Photoshop to the.
CS The first Photoshop CS was commercially released in October 2003 as the eighth major version of Photoshop. Photoshop CS increased user control with a reworked file browser augmenting search versatility, sorting and sharing capabilities and the Histogram Palette which monitors changes in the image as they are made to the document. Match Color was also introduced in CS, which reads color data to achieve a uniform expression throughout a series of pictures. CS2 Photoshop CS2, released in May 2005, expanded on its predecessor with a new set of tools and features. It included an upgraded Spot Healing Brush, which is mainly used for handling common photographic problems such as blemishes, red-eye, noise, blurring and lens distortion.
One of the most significant inclusions in CS2 was the implementation of Smart Objects, which allows users to scale and transform images and vector illustrations without losing image quality, as well as create linked duplicates of embedded graphics so that a single edit updates across multiple iterations. Adobe responded to feedback from the professional media industry by implementing non-destructive editing as well as the producing and modifying of 32-Bit High Dynamic Range (HDR) images, which are optimal for 3D rendering and advanced compositing. FireWire Previews could also be viewed on a monitor via a direct export feature. Photoshop CS2 brought the Vanishing Point and Image Warping tools. Vanishing Point makes tedious graphic and photo retouching endeavors much simpler by letting users clone, paint and transform image objects while maintaining visual perspective. Image Warping makes it easy to digitally distort an image into a shape by choosing on-demand presets or by dragging control points. The File Browser was upgraded to Adobe Bridge, which functioned as a hub for productivity, imagery and creativity, providing multi-view file browsing and smooth cross-product integration across Adobe Creative Suite 2 software.
Adobe Bridge also provided access to, a new stock photography service that offered users one-stop shopping across five elite stock image providers to deliver high-quality, royalty-free images for layout and design. Camera Raw version 3.0 was a new addition in CS2, and it allowed settings for multiple raw files to be modified simultaneously. In addition, processing multiple raw files to other formats including JPEG, TIFF, DNG or PSD, could be done in the background without executing Photoshop itself. Photoshop CS2 brought a streamlined interface, making it easier to access features for specific instances. In CS2 users were also given the ability to create their own custom presets, which was meant to save time and increase productivity.
CS2 activation servers' shutdown: In January 2013, Adobe Photoshop CS2 (9.0), with some other CS2 products, was released with an official serial number, due to the technical glitch in Adobe's CS2 activation servers. Smart Objects display filters without altering the original image (here on ) CS3 improves on features from previous versions of Photoshop and introduces new tools. One of the most significant is the streamlined interface which allows increased performance, speed, and efficiency. There is also improved support for files which allow users to process images with higher speed and conversion quality. CS3 supports over 150 RAW formats as well as, and. Enhancements were made to the Black and White Conversion, Brightness and Contrast Adjustment and Vanishing Point Module tools. The Black and White adjustment option improves control over manual grayscale conversions with a dialog box similar to that of Channel Mixer.
There is more control over print options and better management with. The Clone Source palette is introduced, adding more options to the clone stamp tool. Other features include the nondestructive Smart Filters, optimizing graphics for mobile devices, Fill Light and Dust Busting tools. Compositing is assisted with Photoshop's new Quick Selection and Refine Edge tools and improved technology. CS3 Extended includes everything in CS3 and additional features.
There are tools for 3D graphic file formats, video enhancement and animation, and comprehensive image measurement and analysis tools with file support. The 3D graphic formats allow 3D content to be incorporated into 2D compositions. As for video editing, CS3 supports layers and video formatting so users can edit video files per frame. CS3 and CS3 Extended were released in April 2007 to the United States and Canada. They were also made available through Adobe’s online store and Adobe Authorized Resellers. Both CS3 and CS3 Extended are offered as either a stand-alone application or feature of Adobe Creative Suite. The price for CS3 is US$649 and the extended version is US$999.
Both products are compatible with Intel-based Macs and, supporting and. CS3 is the first release of Photoshop that will run natively on Macs with Intel processors: previous versions can only run through the translation layer, and will not run at all on Macs running or later. CS4 CS4 features smoother panning and zooming, allowing faster image editing at a high magnification. The interface is more simplified with its tab-based interface making it cleaner to work with. Photoshop CS4 features a new 3D engine allowing the conversion of gradient maps to 3D objects, adding depth to layers and text, and getting print-quality output with the new ray-tracing rendering engine. It supports common 3D formats; the new Adjustment and Mask Panels; Content-aware scaling ( ); Fluid Canvas Rotation and File display options. The Content-aware scaling allows users to intelligently size and scale images, and the Canvas Rotation tool makes it easier to rotate and edit images from any angle.
Adobe released Photoshop CS4 Extended, which has the features of Adobe Photoshop CS4, plus capabilities for scientific imaging, 3D, motion graphics, accurate image analysis and high-end film and video users. The faster 3D engine allows users to paint directly on 3D models, wrap 2D images around 3D shapes and animate 3D objects. As the successor to Photoshop CS3, Photoshop CS4 is the first edition of Photoshop on consumer computers for Windows. The color correction tool has also been improved significantly.
CS4 and CS4 Extended were released on 15 October 2008. They were also made available through Adobe’s online store and Adobe Authorized Resellers. Both CS4 and CS4 Extended are offered as either a stand-alone application or feature of Adobe Creative Suite. The price for CS4 is US$699 and the extended version is US$999. Both products are compatible with Intel-based Mac OS X and, supporting and.
A 2D landscape designed in Adobe Photoshop CS5 Extended Photoshop CS5 was launched on 12 April 2010. In a video posted on its official page, the development team revealed the new technologies under development, including three-dimensional brushes and warping tools.
In May 2011, Adobe Creative Suite 5.5 (CS5.5) was released, with new versions of some of the applications. Its version of Photoshop, 12.1, is identical to the concurrently released update for Photoshop CS5, version 12.0.4, except for support for the new subscription pricing that was introduced with CS5.5. CS5 introduces new tools such as the Content-Aware Fill, Refine Edge, Mixer Brush, Bristle Tips and Puppet Warp. The community also had a hand in the additions made to CS5 as 30 new features and improvements were included by request. These include automatic image straightening, the Rule-of-Thirds cropping tool, color pickup, and saving a 16-bit image as a. Another feature includes the Adobe Mini Bridge, which allows for efficient file browsing and management.
CS5 Extended includes everything in CS5 plus features in 3D and video editing. A new materials library was added, providing more options such as Chrome, Glass, and Cork. The new Shadow Catcher tool can be used to further enhance 3D objects. For motion graphics, the tools can be applied to over more than one frame in a video sequence. CS5 and CS5 Extended were made available through Adobe's online store, Adobe Authorized Resellers and Adobe direct sales. Both CS5 and CS5 Extended are offered as either a stand-alone application or a feature of Adobe Creative Suite 5. The price for CS5 is US$699 and the extended version is US$999.
Both products are compatible with Intel-based Mac OS X and, and. CS6 Photoshop CS6, released in May 2012, added new creative design tools and provided a redesigned interface with a focus on enhanced performance. New features have been added to the Content-Aware tool such as the Content-Aware Patch and Content-Aware Move. Adobe Photoshop CS6 brought a suite of tools for video editing. Color and exposure adjustments, as well as layers, are among a few things that are featured in this new editor.
Upon completion of editing, the user is presented with a handful of options of exporting into a few popular formats. CS6 brings the 'straighten' tool to Photoshop, where a user simply draws a line anywhere on an image, and the canvas will reorient itself so that the line drawn becomes horizontal, and adjusts the media accordingly.
This was created with the intention that users will draw a line parallel to a plane in the image, and reorient the image to that plane to more easily achieve certain perspectives. CS6 allows background saving, which means that while another document is compiling and archiving itself, it is possible to simultaneously edit an image. CS6 also features a customizable auto-save feature, preventing any work from being lost. The price for CS6 is US$699 and the extended version is US$999. Students, however, even those who are homeschooled, can receive a significant discount on Photoshop. With the newest Photoshop version 13.1.3, Adobe has dropped support for (even on native x64 for ); thus, the last version that works on Windows XP is 13.0.1.
Adobe also announced that CS6 will be the last suite sold with perpetual licenses in favor of the new Creative Cloud subscriptions, but will continue to support Photoshop CS6 for compatibility and will provide bug fixes and security updates as necessary. CC Photoshop CC (14.0) was launched on 18 June 2013.
As the next major version after CS6, it is only available as part of a Creative Cloud subscription, the full version of which costs $49 every month. Major features in this version include All-new Smart Sharpen, Intelligent Upsampling, and Camera Shake Reduction for reducing blur caused by camera shake. Editable Rounded Rectangles and an update to Adobe Camera Raw (8.0) were also included. Since the initial launch, Adobe has released two additional feature-bearing updates. The first, version 14.1, was launched on 9 September 2013. The major features in this version were Adobe Generator, a Node.js-based platform for creating plug-ins for Photoshop. Photoshop 14.1 shipped with two plug-ins, one to automatically generate image assets based on an extension in the layer name, and another to automatically generate assets for Adobe Edge Reflow.
Version 14.2 was released on 15 January 2014. Major features include Perspective Warp, Linked Smart Objects, and 3D Printing support. CC 2014 Photoshop CC 2014 (15.0) was released on 18 June 2014. CC 2014 features improvements to content-aware tools, two new blur tools (spin blur and path blur) and a new focus mask feature that enables the user to select parts of an image based on whether they are in focus or not. Other minor improvements have been made, including speed increases for certain tasks. CC 2015 Photoshop CC 2015 was released on 15 June 2015.
Adobe added various creative features including Adobe Stock, which is a library of custom stock images. It also includes and have the ability to have more than one layer style. For example, in the older versions of Photoshop, only one shadow could be used for a layer but in CC 2015, up to ten are available. Other minor features like Export As, which is a form of the Save For Web in CC 2014 were also added. The updated UI as of 30 November 2015 delivers a cleaner and more consistent look throughout Photoshop, and you can quickly perform common tasks using a new set of gestures on touch-enabled devices like Microsoft Surface Pro.
CC 2015 also marks the 25th anniversary of Photoshop. CC 2017 Photoshop CC 2017 was released on 2 November 2016. It introduced a new template selector when creating new documents, the ability to search for tools, panels and help articles for Photoshop, support for SVG OpenType fonts and other small improvements. In December 2016, a minor update was released to include support for the MacBook Pro Touch Bar. CC 2018 Photoshop CC 2018 was released on 18 October 2017.
It featured an overhaul to the brush organization system, allowing for more properties (such as color and opacity) to be saved per-brush and for brushes to be categorized in folders and sub-folders. It also added brush stroke smoothing, and over 1000 brushes created by Kyle T. Webster (following Adobe's acquisition of his website, KyleBrush.com ). A Curvature Pen tool, similar to the one in, was added, allowing for faster creation of paths. Other additions were Lightroom Photo access, Variable font support, copy-paste layers, enhanced tooltips, 360 panorama and support, PNG compression, algorithm improvements to Face-aware and selection tools, improved image resizing, and performance improvements to file opening, filters, and brush strokes. Photoshop Touch.
This section needs expansion. You can help. (June 2012) Photoshop Touch was an application designed specifically for tablets and touchscreen devices. It included many of the features of the personal computer version, including layers, selection tools, adjustments, and filters. Edited files could be synced with Adobe Creative Cloud.
Photoshop touch was available on and. There were two iOS versions—one designed for iPad and the other for iPhone and iPod touch; both required iOS 5.0 or later.
Android versions could be installed on any Android handset (4.0 and up) and tablets (3.1 and up). It has since been discontinued. See also. Adobe Systems. Retrieved 17 December 2011.
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Further reading. (2011). Computational Culture (1). (asks: 'How does media authoring software shape the media being created, making some design choices seem natural and easy to execute, while hiding other design possibilities?' ) External links.
The fire maps show the locations of actively burning fires around the world on a monthly basis, based on observations from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on NASA’s Terra satellite. The colors are based on a count of the number (not size) of fires observed within a 1,000-square-kilometer area. White pixels show the high end of the count—as many as 100 fires in a 1,000-square-kilometer area per day. Yellow pixels show as many as 10 fires, orange shows as many as 5 fires, and red areas as few as 1 fire per day. Fire is the rapid of a material in the chemical process of, releasing, and various reaction. Slower oxidative processes like or are not included by this definition.
Fire is hot because the conversion of the weak in molecular oxygen, O 2, to the stronger bonds in the combustion products and water (418 kJ per 32 g of O 2); the bond energies of the play only a minor role here. At a certain point in the combustion reaction, called the ignition point, flames are produced.
The is the visible portion of the fire. Flames consist primarily of carbon dioxide, water vapor, oxygen and nitrogen. If hot enough, the gases may become ionized to produce. Depending on the substances alight, and any impurities outside, the of the flame and the fire's will be different.
Fire in its most common form can result in, which has the potential to cause physical damage through. Fire is an important process that affects ecological systems around the globe. The positive effects of fire include stimulating growth and maintaining various ecological systems. The negative effects of fire include hazard to life and property, atmospheric pollution, and water contamination. If fire removes, heavy may lead to an increase in.
Also, when vegetation is burned, the it contains is released into the atmosphere, unlike elements such as and which remain in the and are quickly recycled into the soil. This loss of nitrogen caused by a fire produces a long-term reduction in the fertility of the soil, which only slowly recovers as nitrogen is ' from the atmosphere by and by plants such as.
Fire has been used by humans in, in agriculture for clearing land, for cooking, generating heat and light, for signaling, propulsion purposes, of waste, and as a weapon or mode of destruction. The fire Fires start when a or a combustible material, in combination with a sufficient quantity of an such as oxygen gas or another oxygen-rich compound (though non-oxygen oxidizers exist), is exposed to a source of or ambient above the for the /oxidizer mix, and is able to sustain a rate of rapid oxidation that produces a. This is commonly called the. Fire cannot exist without all of these elements in place and in the right proportions. For example, an inflammable liquid will start burning only if the fuel and oxygen are in the right proportions. Some fuel-oxygen mixes may require a, a substance that is not consumed, when added, in any reaction during combustion, but which enables the reactants to combust more readily.
Once ignited, a chain reaction must take place whereby fires can sustain their own heat by the further release of heat energy in the process of combustion and may propagate, provided there is a continuous supply of an oxidizer and fuel. If the oxidizer is oxygen from the surrounding air, the presence of a force of, or of some similar force caused by acceleration, is necessary to produce, which removes combustion products and brings a supply of oxygen to the fire. Without gravity, a fire rapidly surrounds itself with its own combustion products and non-oxidizing gases from the air, which exclude oxygen and the fire. Because of this, the risk of fire in a is small when it is in inertial flight. Of course, this does not apply if oxygen is supplied to the fire by some process other than thermal convection. Fire can be by removing any one of the elements of the fire tetrahedron.
Consider a natural gas flame, such as from a stovetop burner. Fire is affected by gravity. Left: Flame on Earth; Right: Flame on A flame is a mixture of reacting gases and solids emitting visible, and sometimes light, the of which depends on the chemical composition of the burning material and intermediate reaction products.
In many cases, such as the burning of, for example wood, or the incomplete of gas, solid particles called produce the familiar red-orange glow of 'fire'. This light has a. Complete combustion of gas has a dim blue color due to the emission of single-wavelength radiation from various electron transitions in the excited molecules formed in the flame. Usually oxygen is involved, but burning in also produces a flame, producing (HCl). Other possible combinations producing flames, amongst many, are and, and and. Hydrogen and hydrazine/ flames are similarly pale blue, while burning and its compounds, evaluated in mid-20th century as a for and, emits intense green flame, leading to its informal nickname of 'Green Dragon'. The glow of a flame is complex.
Is emitted from soot, gas, and fuel particles, though the soot particles are too small to behave like perfect blackbodies. There is also emission by de-excited and in the gases. Much of the radiation is emitted in the visible and infrared bands. The color depends on temperature for the black-body radiation, and on chemical makeup for the. The dominant color in a flame changes with temperature. The photo of the forest fire in Canada is an excellent example of this variation.
Near the ground, where most burning is occurring, the fire is white, the hottest color possible for organic material in general, or yellow. Above the yellow region, the color changes to orange, which is cooler, then red, which is cooler still. Above the red region, combustion no longer occurs, and the uncombusted carbon particles are visible as black. The common distribution of a flame under normal gravity conditions depends on, as soot tends to rise to the top of a general flame, as in a in normal gravity conditions, making it yellow. In, such as an environment in, convection no longer occurs, and the flame becomes spherical, with a tendency to become more blue and more efficient (although it may go out if not moved steadily, as the CO 2 from combustion does not disperse as readily in micro gravity, and tends to smother the flame). There are several possible explanations for this difference, of which the most likely is that the temperature is sufficiently evenly distributed that soot is not formed and complete combustion occurs. Experiments by reveal that in micro gravity allow more soot to be completely oxidized after they are produced than diffusion flames on Earth, because of a series of mechanisms that behave differently in micro gravity when compared to normal gravity conditions.
These discoveries have potential applications in and, especially concerning. In, various steps are taken to eliminate a flame.
The method depends mainly on whether the fuel is oil, wood, or a high-energy fuel such as. Flame temperatures Temperatures of flames by appearance It is true that objects at specific temperatures do radiate. Objects whose surface is at a temperature above approximately 400 °C (752 °F) will glow, emitting light at a color that indicates the temperature of that surface. See the section on for more about this effect. It is a misconception that one can judge the temperature of a fire by the color of its flames or the sparks in the flames.
For many reasons, chemically and optically, these colors may not match the red/orange/yellow/white heat temperatures on the chart. Burns a bright green, for instance, and this is not present on the heat chart.
Typical temperatures of flames. Main article: The 'adiabatic flame temperature' of a given fuel and oxidizer pair indicates the temperature at which the gases achieve stable combustion. 4,990 °C (9,000 °F). 3,480 °C (6,300 °F). 2,800 °C (5,100 °F).
2,534 °C (4,600 °F). (-) 2,200 °C (4,000 °F).
(-) 1,300 to 1,600 °C (2,400 to 2,900 °F). (-) 1,000 °C (1,800 °F).:. Temperature without drawing: side of the lit portion; 400 °C (750 °F); middle of the lit portion: 585 °C (1,100 °F). Temperature during drawing: middle of the lit portion: 700 °C (1,300 °F). Always hotter in the middle. Fire ecology.
Main article: The first appears with the establishment of a land-based flora in the period, million years ago, permitting the accumulation of in the atmosphere as never before, as the new hordes of land plants pumped it out as a waste product. When this concentration rose above 13%, it permitted the possibility of. Wildfire is first recorded in the fossil record, million years ago, by fossils of plants.
Apart from a controversial gap in the, charcoal is present ever since. The level of atmospheric oxygen is closely related to the prevalence of charcoal: clearly oxygen is the key factor in the abundance of wildfire. Fire also became more abundant when grasses radiated and became the dominant component of many ecosystems, around; this kindling provided which allowed for the more rapid spread of fire. These widespread fires may have initiated a process, whereby they produced a warmer, drier climate more conducive to fire. Human control. Process of ignition of a match The ability to was a dramatic change in the habits of early humans. To generate heat and light made it possible for people to food, simultaneously increasing the variety and availability of nutrients and reducing disease by killing organisms in the food.
The heat produced would also help people stay warm in cold weather, enabling them to live in cooler climates. Fire also kept nocturnal predators at bay. Evidence of cooked food is found from million years ago, although there is a theory that fire could have been used in a controlled fashion about 1 million years ago. Evidence becomes widespread around 50 to 100 thousand years ago, suggesting regular use from this time; resistance to started to evolve in human populations at a similar point in time. The use of fire became progressively more sophisticated, with it being used to create charcoal and to control wildlife from tens of thousands of years ago.
Fire has also been used for centuries as a method of and, as evidenced by as well as torture devices such as the, which could be filled with, or even and then heated over an open fire to the agony of the wearer. By theduring the introduction of grain-based, people all over the world used fire as a tool in management. These fires were typically or 'cool fires'as opposed to uncontrolled 'hot fires', which damage the soil. Hot fires destroy plants and animals, and endanger communities. This is especially a problem in the forests of today where traditional burning is prevented in order to encourage the growth of timber crops. Cool fires are generally conducted in the spring and autumn. They clear undergrowth, burning up that could trigger a hot fire should it get too dense.
They provide a greater variety of environments, which encourages game and plant diversity. For humans, they make dense, impassable forests traversable. Another human use for fire in regards to landscape management is its use to clear land for agriculture. Slash-and-burn agriculture is still common across much of tropical Africa, Asia and South America.
'For small farmers, it is a convenient way to clear overgrown areas and release nutrients from standing vegetation back into the soil,' said Miguel Pinedo-Vasquez, an ecologist at the. However this useful strategy is also problematic. Growing population, fragmentation of forests and warming climate are making the earth's surface more prone to ever-larger escaped fires. These harm ecosystems and human infrastructure, cause health problems, and send up spirals of carbon and soot that may encourage even more warming of the atmosphere–and thus feed back into more fires. Globally today, as much as 5 million square kilometers–an area more than half the size of the United States–burns in a given year. There are numerous modern applications of fire. In its broadest sense, fire is used by nearly every human being on earth in a controlled setting every day.
Users of vehicles employ fire every time they drive. Thermal provide for a large percentage of humanity. Hamburg after four raids in July 1943, which killed an estimated 50,000 people The use of fire in has a long. Fire was the basis of all. Detailed the use of fire by Greek soldiers who hid in a to burn during the. Later the fleet used to attack ships and men.
In the, the first modern were used by infantry, and were successfully mounted on armoured vehicles in the Second World War. In the latter war, were used by and alike, notably on Tokyo, Rotterdam, London, Hamburg and, notoriously, at; in the latter two cases were deliberately caused in which a ring of fire surrounding each city was drawn inward by an updraft caused by a central cluster of fires.
The United States Army Air Force also extensively used incendiaries against Japanese targets in the latter months of the war, devastating entire cities constructed primarily of wood and paper houses. The use of was employed in July 1944, towards the end of the; although its use did not gain public attention until the. Were also used. More than 600 Setting aflame releases usable energy. Was a fuel, and is still viable today. The use of, such as, and, in supplies the vast majority of the world's electricity today; the states that nearly 80% of the world's power came from these sources in 2002.
The fire in a is used to heat water, creating steam that drives. The turbines then spin an to produce electricity. Fire is also used to provide directly, in both and.
The solid remains of a combustible material left after a fire is called clinker if its is below the flame temperature, so that it fuses and then solidifies as it cools, and ash if its melting point is above the flame temperature. Protection and prevention. This visualization shows fires detected in the United States from July 2002 through July 2011.
Look for fires that reliably burn each year in western states and across the Southeast. Wildfire prevention programs around the world may employ techniques such as wildland fire use and prescribed. Wildland fire use refers to any fire of natural causes that is monitored but allowed to burn. Controlled burns are fires ignited by government agencies under less dangerous weather conditions. Services are provided in most developed areas to extinguish or contain uncontrolled fires. Trained use, water supply resources such as and or they might use A and B class foam depending on what is feeding the fire. Fire prevention is intended to reduce sources of ignition.
Fire prevention also includes education to teach people how to avoid causing fires. Buildings, especially and, often conduct to inform and prepare citizens on how to react to a building fire. Purposely starting destructive fires constitutes and is a in most jurisdictions. Model require and systems to minimize damage resulting from a fire. The most common form of active fire protection is. To maximize passive fire protection of buildings, and in most are tested for, combustibility and., and used in and are also tested.
Where fire prevention and fire protection have failed to prevent damage, can mitigate the financial impact. Restoration Different restoration methods and measures are used depending on the type of fire damage that occurred. Restoration after fire damage can be performed by teams, building personnel, or by the themselves; however, contacting a certified professional fire damage restoration specialist is often regarded as the safest way to restore fire damaged property due to their training and extensive experience. Most are usually listed under 'Fire and Water Restoration' and they can help speed repairs, whether for individual homeowners or for the largest of institutions.
Fire and Water Restoration companies are regulated by the appropriate state's Department of Consumer Affairs – usually the state contractors license board. In California, all Fire and Water Restoration companies must register with the California Contractors State License Board. Presently, the California Contractors State License Board has no specific classification for 'water and fire damage restoration.' Hence, the Contractor's State License Board requires both an asbestos certification (ASB) as well as a demolition classification (C-21) in order to perform Fire and Water Restoration work. National Wildfire Coordinating Group. November 2009.
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from., an -based science tutorial from the. – UK Guidance on fire safety codes and fire engineering. with a.
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